Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

水下点火推进尾空泡振荡的研究

本文通过对水下航行体垂直发射出筒后尾空泡内点火推进过程的数值模拟研究,获得了其尾空泡演化的一般规律,并与相应的试验结果进行了对比;进而给出了燃气尾空泡周期性地膨胀、颈缩、阻滞、脱落的演化规律,以及与尾空泡内的压力振荡、喷管扩张段内激波前后移动的相关性。研究表明:水下航行体尾空泡内点火与空中点火、水中直接点火形成的燃气射流存在明显差别,水下点火推进同时会形成对水下航行体额外的振动激励;尾空泡收缩阶段,亚音速射流在尾空泡颈缩处膨胀加速,使尾空泡持续颈缩进而形成对燃气的阻滞作用,是形成尾空泡近似周期性形态演化、空泡压力剧烈振荡的主因。     

钻孔灌注桩桩顶后期缩径原因分析及对策

钻孔灌注桩常因桩顶混凝土质量差、河床下降等原因外露,在水流和砂石的作用下发生桩顶后期缩径,钢筋外露并锈蚀,降低了结构的耐久性和承载力,缩短了工程的使用寿命.建议通过加强施工管理,提高桩身混凝土质量,以及恶劣环境下保留钢护筒等措施,避免桩顶后期缩径.     

Instabilities in imperfect thick cones subjected to axial compression and external pressure

The paper presents results of a numerical study into the buckling resistance of geometrically imperfect mild steel cones subjected to: (a) axial compression only, (b) lateral external pressure only, and (c) axial compression and external pressure acting simultaneously.Initial geometric imperfections are taken in the form of the eigenmode, `a single wave' extracted from the eigenmode and localized smooth dimple modelled analytically. Load carrying capacity of imperfect models is computed using the Finite Element proprietory code.Buckling strength of axially compressed and imperfect cone is only 55% of geometrically perfect model. Buckling strength of a cone subjected to lateral pressure, on the other hand, amounts to 43% of the corresponding value of perfect model. But it is the shrinkage of stability plot of imperfect cone which was found to be significant. For imperfect cones subjected to combined axial compression and external pressure, the collapse envelope shrinks by 48% with the elastic sub-set being reduced by 51%.     

Compressive strength of tubular members with localized pitting damage considering variation of corrosion features

Localized pitting corrosion often occurs on marine and offshore structures in the form of patch corrosion with great uncertainties in the location, size and shape. The variation of corrosion features affects ultimate strength of tubular members significantly, but it is still not well understood. This paper presents a numerical study on tubular members of diverse slenderness ratios to clarify the localized pitting effect on ultimate strength. Numerical analyses were performed based on novel models of pitted members that were calibrated against benchmark column tests. Corrosion pits were randomly introduced on the local outside surfaces of members via stochastic simulation, forming corrosion patches varied in the location, size and shape. Numerical results obtained were regressed to propose a unified empirical formula to predict ultimate strength. It turned out that the shape of the corrosion patch has a significant influence on the ultimate strength. The shape change of the patch can alter failure modes of medium length columns. The reduction of ultimate strength is closely related to the shape ratio of the patch besides the volume loss of corroded material. The unified empirical formula incorporating the shape ratio and the volume loss shows a good ability to predict the experimental results.     

基于GTS的黏土中缩颈桩检测研究

利用GTS有限元分析软件,对黏土中的缩颈缺陷桩进行数值模拟,得到不同阻尼系数及在不同缺陷位置下的反射波曲线。对结果对比分析,总结出振幅比随缩颈桩缺陷变化的规律,以及缩颈桩的缺陷程度与波振幅比之间的关系,对于工程桩的检测具有重要的指导意义。     

手伸及性参数化及本地化校核方面的研究

汽车开发设计中人机工程主要研究使用者、作业者及A/S维护人员等的"人-车-环境"关系,力求整体"人-车-环境系统"的性能达到最优状态,从而给人创建安全、健康、舒适、高效的环境。本文介绍的手伸及性是人机工程中评价操作性的重要指标,是整车总布置设计的重要的一部分。为提高人机工程设计的实效性,基于SAE[1]-[2]和CATIA构建参数化模型,通过更新手伸及性相关的参数,以获取新的手伸及界面,从而有效提高整车开发质量,缩短总布置设计及校核的周期;同时为确保车辆开发设计所引用手伸及界面更符合本地化需求,提出一种评价手伸及性、量化分析并构建手伸及界面的全新理论。     

Experimental and numerical study of localized pitting effect on compressive behavior of tubular members

Locally pitted tubular members are usually considered as stub columns to assess the ultimate strength. However, it is not suitable for those with relatively larger slenderness ratios as their failure behavior is more complex and closely related to corrosion features of localized pitting. This paper presents compressive column tests on locally pitted tubular members of a moderate slenderness ratio. Corrosion pits were artificially introduced on local surface of the members, forming corrosion patches with various corrosion features. A numerical modelling method was proposed to reproduce the test specimens. Localized pitting damage was proven to cause substantial declines in the load deformation capacity and ultimate strength, and have a significant effect on the failure mode. The failure of a pitted member is mostly initiated by local buckling after yielding occurs in the corrosion patch, concurrent with pitting closure, and even shear cracking of member wall due to the perforated pits. Moreover, shape change of the corrosion patch most likely results in the failure mode to alter from column buckling to local buckling or interactive buckling. The shape ratio of the corrosion patch is one of the critical factor to influence the ultimate strength of locally pitted members. The proposed modelling method is applicable for extensive stochastic simulations so as to develop an empirical formula and to clarify the probabilistic characteristics of ultimate strength.